![]() The neuroarcheology of childhood maltreatment: The neurodevelopmental costs of adverse childhood events. Neuronal cell death in the sudden infant death syndrome brainstem and associations with risk factors. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 54, 375–377. Subtle presentation of isolated brainstem injury in a child with minor head injury. Essentials of neural science and behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.ĭuvernoy, H. ![]() The lower brainstem and bodily homeostasis. Midbrain-hindbrain malformations: Advances in clinical diagnosis, imaging, and genetics. ![]() Common symptoms of Parkinson's disease.ĭoherty D, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ. The association of brainstem lesions with migraine-like headache: an imaging study of multiple sclerosis. Midbrain lesions and paroxysmal dysarthria in multiple sclerosis. A medley of midbrain maladies: A brief review of midbrain anatomy and syndromology for radiologists. The clinical variability of midbrain lesions. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.įederico P. Role of the dorsal periaqueductal gray in posttraumatic stress disorder: Mediation by dopamine and neurokinin. Symptoms include unilateral or bilateral oculomotor nerve paralysis and ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia.Ĭaminero F, Cascella M. Nothnagel's syndrome: This condition usually results from a tumor of the midbrain, such as a glioma.In addition to oculomotor nerve palsy and ataxia, there is damage to the corticospinal tract, resulting in contralateral weakness. Benedikt's syndrome: Like Claude's syndrome, this condition results from a stroke within the tegmentum of the midbrain.It results in ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy with contralateral cerebellar ataxia (incoordinated movements). ![]() Claude's syndrome: This condition results from a stroke within the dorsal (upper side) tegmentum of the midbrain.It results in ipsilateral (same-sided) third nerve palsy and contralateral (opposite side) weakness. Weber's syndrome: Also known as midbrain stroke syndrome and superior alternating hemiplegia, this condition is caused by a stroke in a branch of either the basilar artery or the posterior cerebral artery.Symptoms may include a downward gaze at rest, pupils that are poorly reactive to light, eyelid retraction, and convergence-retraction nystagmus (when you have uncontrollable, jerky eye movements) Parinaud’s syndrome: Also known as the dorsal midbrain syndrome, this condition usually results from the mass effect of an adjacent pineal gland tumor.Ventral tegmental area (VTA): This structure contains dopamine-producing cell bodies and plays a key role in the reward system.It serves as a relay station for nerve signals responsible for controlling movement. Substantia nigra: This area contains nerve cells that make the neurotransmitter (brain chemical) dopamine.It is called the "red" nucleus because of its pinkish color, resulting from the presence of iron. Red nucleus: This region is involved in motor coordination.Corticospinal tract: This major nerve pathway carries movement-related information from the brain to the spinal cord.Spinothalamic tract: This major nerve pathway carries information about pain and temperature sensation from the body to the thalamus of the brain.The trochlear nerve nuclei innervate the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which abducts, depresses, and internally rotates the eye. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |